Overview: daily glass industry is the livelihood of traditional industries, the industry is essential to national economic development; a competitive advantage with innovative industry; is the circular economy in the green industry; is a rich market, enrich and beautify the living necessities. Is a commitment to building a resource-saving and environment-friendly and harmonious society important force. Daily basic characteristics of the glass industry, is involved in a wide area, using a wide range of basic raw materials and more can be recycled, the development potential. Glass is transparent, sparkling, ever-changing, unique charm will bring a special, unexpected enjoyment; glass chemical stability and a reliable barrier (for contents clean), as the containers and household items, is the safest, most excellent; glass with can be recycled, recyclable, re-use of the advantages of belonging to the economic cycle in the green industry.
According to National Bureau of Statistics classification, daily glass industry can be broadly divided into four major sub-sectors, namely, Container Glass industry, glass industry, glass industry, thermos flasks, technical glass (borosilicate glass) industries. This paper describes the development of China's glass industry.
A long history of glass
According to historical records and archaeological finds, leaves early in the 11th century BC, have a glass of our pioneers, to the Warring States Period, it created a real glass, and the use of lead-barium glass composition, is the world's first application of such components the glass. Chu is our first glass production base. Wu, Chu is also the West, the earliest Egyptian glass bridge into China. 5th century Northern and Southern Dynasties, from the Persian artisans brought the glass, the introduction of glass-blowing molding method, made of blown glass bowl with no mold, glass, glass bowls and other hollow products, mouth burning mouth and round mouth using technology , vessel size and volume increased significantly, also increased the production of glass, our glass from the imitation jewelry, jade glassware to the commodity production, this period is the glass of a major turning point, but the glass is still a daily luxury.
The Tang dynasty, political stability, economic and cultural prosperity for the glass to provide favorable conditions for development. According to unearthed objects, the Tang Dynasty, one of three types of glass products Gong Bong, Bong is the tribute to royal, aristocratic furnishings and daily necessities, such as tall translucent glass, transparent glass, transparent lid glass box, transparent glass bowl and bowl care and so on. To the Qing dynasty Qianlong period, the glass is famous.
Second, the development status of China's glassware
Before the establishment of new China, in Tianjin, Dalian, Shanghai, established a glass factory, both crucible melting, artificial pick material, artificial blowing. After the founding of New China, glass science and technology and production have been developed. Since the 1950s, with a feeder with a 10-station pressure cup machine, and later developed a 12 -, 14-position of the pressure cup machine, after 1980, but also trial a thin-walled molding machine, these are glassware to create the conditions for mechanized production.
With China's reform and opening up, China's economic development goal to achieve success in the world would urge the people's material standard of living can be significantly improved, as the people the necessities of life and a beautiful living ornament of glass industry has been booming development. With the gradual improvement of living standards, market demand and production of glass presents a diverse, relatively simple products from the original, developed into a multi-family, multi-species, to meet the different uses of glassware series.
Especially benefits the entire Over the years, has been dominated by the Chinese ceramic tableware products market. From the late seventies to early eighties in Dongguan, Guangdong, the first production series of the glass plate for Cantonese and Cantonese cuisine with a national roll out, this series of dishes for soup dressed with a glass dish, popular in the country together, promote the development of glass tableware, opened the prelude to mass production of glass tableware.
It can be seen, because people's consumption concept and eating habits change, glass tableware ceramic products are shaking pattern of world domination. As the heat-resistant glass products, transparent, good chemical stability, production plasticity, high degree of automation of production, so in terms of fitness on the market or to adapt to modern people's fast-paced life, the glass has a great advantage, glass tableware products to the people will continue to penetrate all areas of life, is an indisputable fact that, particularly in the microwave as the representative of the popularization of the modern household cooking utensils, glass tableware more applications for its unique advantages, will have a greater market space to the glass tableware industry and to provide greater opportunities for large-scale development.
Huge market potential, and promote the rapid development of glass industry, glass industry, but also accelerated the rapid increases in the level of mechanization. Pressed glassware eighties upgrade machinery and equipment into the mainstream. Because this product in China optimistic about market prospects, a number of internationally renowned glass machinery manufacturers, have opened offices in China (such as Germany's Walter Walter Glass Machinery Company, etc.), or with the year in China Beijing and Shanghai International Glass Technology exchange exhibition opportunity to launch their advanced products. 1980s glass industry has imported from Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Singapore and other countries and regions of the glass equipment, the production of soda-lime glass, glass, drinking ware, wine, etc., and borosilicate glass coffee cup, pot, glass and other products. The introduction of a large-scale (max center distance of 394.4) and multi-station, Orange Peel molding machine, in the production of various types of large glassware, but also can produce all kinds of food plate, fruit plate, glass bowl, glass pot, microwave dish , glass with the glass and other products.
The glass machinery manufacturers in China are driven by the market adding to the production of glass press development, production ranks. Its products include; single station punch 8-16 overall mold, mold can be 12 - 24 pairs of glass presses punch presses and other series of models of automatic glass presses; its rotation in the disk drive mode, the have adopted the geneva mechanism (Markov agencies) or snail-shaped cam, and the punch of the transmission has pneumatic, hydraulic and gas - liquid transmission needs to adapt to different transmission mode. China now automatically suppress the production of glass production line, not only has to meet the needs of the development of domestic production, but also exported to neighboring countries such as: Indonesia, Korea, Malaya area and some developing countries. Can say that China already has a world-class production equipment supply base glass press.
China glassware huge consumer market, also by the international glass manufacturing firms. In the production of glass tableware in the United States the world leader Libby (Libbey) company, built in Langfang, Hebei Province in China to produce glass-based glass tableware plant, the plant's annual production capacity of fifty thousand tons scale. Prior to the art world as a table leader and the world of glass, crystal products in the field of top companies - France bows glassware industrial companies in the last century, in the glass manufacturing plant in Nanjing, Jiangsu has produced for many years, and their bows and arrows brand glass dining utensils China has filled the shelves of the supermarket, they are catering equipment market of China glass full of confidence.
Our existing glassware manufacturing enterprises, the formation of Shanxi Qixian "China glassware production and export base" and Fengyang "China Daily Glass industrial base", as the domestic glassware manufacturing industry gathering area. But in general, because the process of the industry Guotuiminjin later than other light industry in the late 1990s until the operation and management restructuring, so the prevalence of domestic utensils, small scale production industry, production and marketing imbalance, weak competitiveness, profitability is low. In the beginning of this century, along with the increase in foreign exchange markets and the enterprises themselves, strength, appeared in a number of technical advantages, the scale advantages of combination, and distinctive market position and products to win market leader , such as Anhui Deli, Shandong Huapeng, Guangdong Huaxing, Shijiazhuang Huaying, Anhui hair and strong companies. Among them, production and sales in the first of the famous Anhui Deli is located in the origin of quartz sand Fengyang, adequate supply of raw materials, energy, and long-term market-oriented network construction, a reasonable allocation of domestic and international trade sales ratio, the current daily glassware annual production capacity of 80,000 tons, accounting for the entire domestic market share of glassware about 5%, as international brands in the domestic market share of strong competition for the participants.
In 2006, the China Daily glass of annual export volume has accounted for 12-13% of total exports of 10 billion U.S. dollars, ranking first in the world. According to National Bureau of Statistics: in 2009 more than the current size of China's daily glass production enterprise 1406, daily production of 15,460,800 tons of glass; in which the total daily output of glass about 10% of the glass industry.
According to United Nations Commodity Trade Organization on the part of the national export statistics: In 2009, total world exports of glassware to $ 6,116,000,000, of which China's glassware exports amounted to $ 1.963 billion, accounting for 32.1% of total national exports, the share share than the second largest exporter of 19.3 percentage points higher than in France.
Rapid growth of exports, we also see a number of concerns. Some simply relying on export-led enterprises, small and belong to foreign customers, order type of production, lack of product development capabilities, self-brand marketing capabilities. In the 2008 financial crisis, this disadvantage is particularly apparent, some trade-dependent businesses are subject to greater impact.
Third, the development trend of glassware
As the quartz sand and soda ash in China is very rich in resources, as the main raw material for glass production, the development of glass industry in China has a large advantage of labor costs and raw materials. In recent years, China's daily glass industry is developing rapidly, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2007 China's daily glass production was 1,270.56 tons, 6,855,500 tons in 2003 to 85.33% growth over the United States became the world's daily glass manufacturing superpower. The development of Chinese daily glass glassware also illustrates the rapid development of industry, 2007-2009 China's glassware industry in the context of the financial crisis, its production has not dwindled, but in a strong stimulus spending Under the policy, to overcome the financial crisis, the average annual compound growth rate of 10.37%. Although China's daily glass production industry has made remarkable achievements, but so far, China's use less glass the situation has not changed, and glass products in developed countries, per capita annual consumption of 50-60 kg, compared China's per capita annual consumption of 10 kg capacity is still far. China's consumer price calculated from the annual use and consumption per capita of less than 100 yuan, compared with some European and American countries, the gap at times even a few times.
China glassware market size and demand statistics daily glass
Since the production of domestic enterprises is relatively backward technology and equipment, high-end glassware market demand in Europe and America are mostly dependent on imports and domestic manufacturers in a joint venture to provide. According to Customs statistics show that in recent years, China's annual imports of glassware from abroad amounted to not less than 20% in the rate of growth, high-end glassware accounted for about 90%, from January to March 2010, China imported glassware 2,322 million, an increase of 38.2%, as China's economy maintained rapid development of the next five years domestic demand for high-end glassware will maintain a high growth rate.
In 2009, the world's total demand for glassware of about 12.68 million tons. Among them, the demand for the Asian region accounted for approximately half of the world total, followed by Europe and North America, Europe capacity as glass manufacturers can basically meet their own needs, generally do not need to rely on imports; the North American market despite U.S. Libbey glassware such top manufacturers, but because of the high cost of glassware manufacturing, production can not meet its own demand gap, mainly rely on imports to make up. Africa since the industrialization process of the glass industry is slow, backward production technology, the basic dependence on imported glassware. Asia, the Middle East because of the lack of raw materials subject to the glass, the glassware is largely dependent on the demand for imports to meet. All major regions of the world market demand for glassware share and demand as shown below:
2009 global demand for glassware distribution
2007-2013 global market demand for glass column chart
The future of our glassware products market is big, the current production capacity still can not meet the requirements of rapidly growing domestic market. With increased urbanization and the rapid development of tertiary industry, the next few years, our glassware will be a year about 15% average annual increase rate.
More resources from our glass production, global demand, domestic demand for high-end glassware and promote industry growth of several major factors in China glassware industry has great potential and opportunities for development and usher in a new period of growth. But we also need to clearly understand, and international manufacturer of high-grade compared to glass, there are still many shortcomings: 1, glass industry, there is currently scattered, small, poor situation, industry concentration is low, large Some enterprises in the low-end market with disorderly competition; 2, glass production techniques and design automation level and the glassware and art content to be further enhanced; 3, glassware manufacturing equipment and tooling technology, quality and international high compared to the level, there is a gap; 4, pending further development of glass types, and product line diversity.
China Daily Glass Association, the Ministry of Information
May 2010
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